The kidneys play a crucial role in our body by filtering out waste products and excess fluid, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that regulate red blood cell production. However, like any other organ, the kidneys are also susceptible to diseases that can impair their function and lead to serious health complications. Renal pathology is the study of kidney diseases, their causes, and their effects on the kidneys. There are several types of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, glomerular diseases, tubulointerstitial diseases, and cystic diseases. Tubulointerstitial diseases affect the tubules within the kidneys that transport urine from the glomeruli to the bladder. These diseases can be caused by infections, medications, or autoimmune diseases. Symptoms of tubulointerstitial diseases include changes in urine color, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis of renal pathology involves a combination of laboratory tests, imaging studies, and kidney biopsy. Treatment of kidney diseases depends on their cause and severity. Some treatments may include medications, lifestyle changes, dialysis, or kidney transplantation. In conclusion, renal pathology is an important field of study that helps us understand the causes and effects of kidney diseases. By gaining a better understanding of these diseases, we can improve diagnosis, develop new treatments, and ultimately improve the quality of life for people affected by kidney diseases.